MCA2040- COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Q1.) Explain the process of communication.
Ans.) Normally, the communication is meant for Interpersonal
purpose. This is also known as interpersonal communication, where the
information or message is transferred from one person to the other(s). The
person who transfers the message is called sender or transmitter. The person(s)
receiving the message is the receiver. The transmitter is expected to send the
information in a format that the receiver(s) will understand. The information
that has to be sent is converted into a format that the receiver will
understand, which is known as Encoding.
Message can
be encoded into a variety of formats oral, written or visual. Once the message
is encoded in a desired format, it is transferred through a medium called ‘channel’.
A channel connects the sender to the receiver. Channels for communication may
include a letter, memorandum, a computer, a telephone, a fax, a telegram or a
television. The choice of the correct channel depends on the situation of the
communication. For e.g., when you have to communicate extremely confidential
information, direct face-to-face or a sealed letter is better than a telephonic
conversation.
The
information, which is transferred, has to be interpreted by the receiver. This
process of interpretation is known as decoding. In order to decode the message,
the receiver should be ready to receive the message. He should not be
preoccupied with other thoughts that would distract him.
Finally, the
receiver will send a message back to the transmitter it may be a reply to the
query made by the sender or any apt response to the message delivered by the
sender. This reply confirms whether the information sent has been understood or
not. This back check is known as feedback.
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Q2.) What is the difference between listening and
hearing? Name the different types of listening.
Ans.) Listening: It is an active process. It involves the conscious
desire to determine the meaning of what is heard. While listening, one is
engaged in processing the data, reconstructing the data & also giving
meaning to the data. Instead of reprimanding you, if the lecturer talks about
the forthcoming examination & discusses the possible questions that could
be asked, you tend to become attentive & listen to him intently. Now you
are listening & not just hearing.
Hearing: It is a passive process. It is merely
the detection of sounds around us. Normally, we come across ‘hearing’ in
certain situations. E.g.: When your lecturer reprimands you for some of your
shortcomings, you just hear it without paying much attention.
The
different types of listening are:
1. Discriminative listening
2. Comprehensive listening
3. Evaluative listening
4. Appreciative listening
5. Empathetic listening
6. Therapeutic listening
7. Dialogic listening
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Q3.) Describe five types of Reading.
Ans.) Five types of Reading:
1.)
Skimming: Let’s say that you need to buy a
reference book for English grammar as suggested by your professor. You go to a
book store & see a rack full of books, with the same title, but different
authors. You don’t have time to read the pages before deciding on buying the
book. Hence, you quickly go through the contents, title page & the blurb
(It is a slang meaning, a short piece of writing that praises & promotes
something, especially a paragraph on the cover of a book). By now, you have
decided to buy one book. The type of reading that you did in the bookstall is
‘skimming.’ Thus, skimming means, “looking quickly over a text/book to get a
general superficial idea of the content.”
2.)
Scanning: As you read a text, editorial or an
article, you suddenly come across a word that is not familiar to you.
Naturally, you would like to know the meaning of the word, for your own
benefit. So you get the dictionary & carefully find the word. You see the
spelling, pronunciation, meaning and also the various uses of the same word (if
any). This type of careful reading, to find out the specific, clear details, is
known as Scanning. Here, you didn’t just run your eyes across the page, but
look into the information for specific details. Let us go through the following
exercise to be familiar with what scanning is all about.
3.)
Extensive Reading: Does
reading give us pleasure? As we have already mentioned our way of reading is
influenced by the purpose of our reading. Most of us have the habit of reading
especially when we are free or have a lot of leisure time. We might get hold of
a novel, a comic strip, a magazine etc. When we read for the pure pleasure of
reading we call it extensive reading. But, we should not give it a lesser
priority because it is extensive reading. It is enjoyable as well as
informative. Here, we practice rapid reading to get the global/overall
understanding of the matter.
4.)
Intensive Reading: When
we read shorter texts like a research paper, for getting specific
details/information we read slowly with a lot of concentration. This is
intensive reading. When you read a book as a resource material for research you
read it intensively because the overall understanding is not the objective/purpose
of your reading. When you read an article in order to write a review on it, you
read it intensively. We use all the skills of reading when we do intensive
reading.
5.) Loud
& Silent Reading: Most of our day-to-day reading is done silently. When we read an article
or an advertisement, we are engaged in the process of deriving meaning from the
passage. Actually when we read aloud our concentration is divided between
reading & speaking. This makes reading & may cause problems in
understanding the matter. But there are situations when we have to read things
aloud, like the notices & circulars, when others don’t have access to it.
You need to read the instructions aloud to students or employees so that there
is no confusion later. Besides these extra-ordinary situations, most of the
time the natural way of reading is silent reading which is ideal & helps
comprehension.
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